ملخص البحث :

يبرز الدور الهام للمرشد السياحي من خلال تقديم المعلومات والخدمات للسياح، وما يضطلع به قطاع الارشاد السياحي كمكمّل للأدوار السياحية الأخرى، خصوصاً وان المرشد السياحي هو اهم عنصر من عناصر الرحلة السياحية وهو حلقة الوصل بين السائح ومنطقة القصد، ويتمتع بدور حساس وبالغ الأهمية في نقل الحقائق الثقافية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية وغيرها بصدق وامانة، ويتضح ذلك من خلال طول واتساع درجة التفاعل بينه وبين السياح مقارنة بالكوادر العاملة في صناعة السياحة.

ملخص البحث :

Hotel services are mainly based on the art of etiquette. Hotel services are one of the largest contributors to tourism activity. Purchasers of hotel services are not conscious of their quality before the purchase. Hotel services have classic properties such as non-tangentiality, congruence, heterogeneity and non-transfer of ownership. They have modern characteristics such as hosting and the difficulty of accurate monitoring of their quality. Their success depends on guests’ satisfaction and approval. The choice of hotel services is based on good reputation, advice and experience, and not material choice.

ملخص البحث :

The aim of present study is to analyse the importance of the price of the tourist product and its effect on the purchasing decision of the tourists. For providing a better understanding, a deductive research approach was adopted to examine the concepts like tourists’ products and related concepts. Meanwhile, an inductive approach was applied to observe the effect of tourist products’ price on the decision of tourists through questionnaire distribution in the city of Karbala, Iraq. For empirical investigation of tourist product purchase price and its impact on the purchasing decision, Likert Pentagon measure was applied. The findings show that the tourist product price is a factor of competition

ملخص البحث :

Tourism awareness is one of the most important pillars that contribute to the development of the tourism industry in general, and the development of various tourism patterns in particular, and among those patterns are accessible tourism, because of its great importance in reducing the negative effects that may accompany the tourism industry by building educated tourism employees And be aware, knowledgeable and aware of the importance of the accomplishments and successes achieved by the tourism sector and the opportunities that this sector offers and economic opportunities that ultimately reflect on the members of society and the country.

ملخص البحث :

يواجه القطاع السياحي تحديات كبيرة ومتعددة ومنها، اقتصادية، واجتماعية، وثقافية، ومن اهم التحديات وأخطرها، التحديات البيئية، لما للسياحة من تأثيرات مباشرة على البيئة، وهنا كان البد من ظهور مسارات جديد في التنمية السياحية، لعل من اهمها مسار التنمية السياحية المستدامة التي تحافظ على البيئة، حيث ان هذا المسار يدعم اساليب االنتاج المعتمدة على خفض التلوث واالضرار الى ادنى مستوياته ويتفرع منه مسارات عديدة ومنها مسار السياحة الخضراء الذي يعد جزء من التنمية السياحية المستدامة، ويركز على ان مفهوم السياحة الخضراء صديقة للبيئة بمعنى انها ال تخلق مخلفات واضرار بيئية تؤثر على المجتمع المحلي والسياح القادمين الى منطقة المقصد السياحي

ملخص البحث :

Tourism is one of the humanitarian activities that are sensitive to the environment surrounding it, and it is directly affected by the emergency changes of human societies. This is evident by measuring the rates of tourist demand and the tourist offer of global and local tourist destinations, and by the strength of the determinants that accompany these changes in their rates. Perhaps the most prominent of these determinants is security and political stability. The natural and environmental of the country The environmental and natural instability has cast a shadow over the reality of tourism and its economy through the spread of the epidemic in the past and the current century, especially since the beginning of this century and until this year 2020 AD. The spread of Covid-19 has had the great impact on breaking the global tourism boom and the decline of the global economy in a very large way, This research has clear-cut results to measure the impact of epidemic diseases on the Iraqi tourism economy.

ملخص البحث :

رتبط ظهور التخطيط السياحي وتطوره وأهميته ببروز السياحة كظاهرة حضارية وسلوكية لها ابعادها االقتصادية واالجتماعية، لذلك اصبحت السياحة المعاصرة نشاط انساني ذات اهمية كبيرة لم تحظ بهما في أي عصر من العصور السابقة، حيث نجم عن النشاطات السياحية الكثيفة نتائج وآثار اقتصادية واجتماعية وثقافية وبيئية وعمرانية كان لها االثر الواضح في حياة المجتمعات والشعوب في عصرنا الحاضر، األمر الذي أستدعى توجيه االهتمام إلى ضرورة تنظيم وضبط وتقييم هذه النشاطات للوصول إلى األهداف المنشودة والمرغوبة بشكل سريع وناضج وقد ترتبت على ذلك اعتماد أسلوب التخطيط السياحي كعلم متخصص يتناول بالدراسة والتحليل والتفسير جميع األنشطة السياحية ويعمل على تطويرها.

ملخص البحث :

The tour guide has an important role in the guiding process in any tourist trip, and for any intended tourist destination, because he is the leader of the tourist trip and he is primarily responsible for all its details. Here, it is necessary to point out the importance, quantity and quality of the culture that the tour guide must have in order to manage a trip in which he aims to succeed, especially the body language he enjoys that qualifies him to attract the accompanying tourists, and makes him the center of the guiding process. Our research came in the form of a study on the effect of body language of the tour guide on the success of the tourist trip, which may encourage the tourists revisit the intended places on the first trip, or accompanying the same guide to other destinations, which stimulates the tourist guide profession, and thus, increasing the tourism demand and the country's tourism potential.

ملخص البحث :

Our present era is witnessing a contemporary global civilization, for which museums are one of the most important arenas, manifestations, and glories. Countries of the world are keen to establish museums, increase their number, diversify their savings, raise their level, make good use of them, and be proud of them and their precious treasures that date back to diverse eras and multiple civilizations, talk about them, and attract tourists to visit them and see their holdings. Until tomorrow, the museum (the criterion for the advancement of nations and the measure of their progress), and visiting them and knowing their details is evidence of the individual's cultural awareness and the focus of his social conversations. In addition to the diversity of cultures of the visitor to museums and to meet his multiple needs in our current era, which requires the availability of the latest means and services that meet his knowledge desires in the areas of cultural, scientific and civilizational components. The museum has become in developed societies (the mirror of society) through the statistics of the number of visitors, which is one of the most important criteria for the sophistication and progress of societies and their strong desire to know human heritage and their concern for their cultural property.

ملخص البحث :

The tourism industry plays an important and vital role in the economic activity of many countries, there are the economies of many countries that rely heavily on them as a source of national income, and the best example of this is Spain, Italy, Tunisia and others, as tourism in these countries has contributed to solving many economic and social problems, including providing job opportunities for many of the people of these countries

ملخص البحث :

في كل موسم تتحول زيارة الأربعين نحو العالمية، ذلك لأنها لم تقتصر على حدث مناطقي يتكرر كل عام، بل ان زيارة الاربعين بعد عام ٢٠٠٣م قد انتقلت من البعد المحلي إلى البعد العالمي، وبسبب من مشاركة عامة الناس محليًا اي من العالم المصغر (العراق) الى العالم الاكبر (دول العالم)، بعيداً عن اية خصوصية أو هوية محددة من الأجناس والأعراق والقوميات والأديان والمذاهب. Tourism planning is considered one of the most critical contemporary sciences and a term with precise alphabets, as its development and importance are linked to the development of tourism as a cultural phenomenon with many economic and social dimensions that are affected by it. Tourism has become a human activity of great importance that it has not enjoyed in any previous era. These intense tourism activities resulted in economic, social, cultural, environmental, and urban results and impacts that had an apparent effect on the development of the lives of societies and peoples in our current era, which necessitated directing attention to the necessity of organizing, controlling and evaluating these activities to reach the desired and desired goals quickly and accurately without leaving any trace. One of its details resulted in the adoption of the tourism planning method as a specialized science that deals with studying, analyzing, and interpreting all tourism activities. It works to develop and develop them according to integration with the rest of the scientific and practical sciences.

ملخص البحث :

City dwellers perform expensive tasks that are often routine and repetitive, which causes many of them to feel isolated and thus suffer from one of the most important diseases of the era (boredom and alienation). They are deprived of opportunities to communicate and interact with natural resources due to the lack of free time and the distance of natural and recreational resources from their permanent residence and work. Karbala today, after its growth and increase in population, and the continuous tourism and number of permanent visitors throughout the year, which includes main tourist patterns, the most important of which are religious, archaeological, and entertainment, which visitors have begun to pay great attention to as a result of the increase in sites and recreational components that have started to attract them remarkably, most notably the projects of the holy shrines in The city of Karbala, especially the nurseries, has become a significant outlet and worthy of being visited and viewed by a large group of visitors.

ملخص البحث :

Our present era is witnessing an advanced global civilization with two wings (natural and human components), and the human elements are considered one of its most important fields, manifestations, and glory. The world's countries are keen to create and establish infrastructure and superstructures and tourist facilities that differ according to the types and types of tourism and to increase their number and diversify their savings, raise their level, make good use of them, and be proud of them. There is competition among the world's peoples for its display to attract tourists until these elements have become a standard for the sophistication of nations and a measure of their progress. Visiting it and knowing its details is evidence of the individual's cultural awareness and the focus of his social conversations.

ملخص البحث :

The architectural, cultural, and religious heritage is a rich record of the creativity of nations, an icon of their genius, a memory that preserves their values, a component of their ancient historical identity across the ages, and a symbol of their uniqueness among other cultures and civilizations.

ملخص البحث :

Mastering the English language and its correct rules is necessary for tour guides and a gateway to enhanced communication with tourists. The importance of this research lies in the accurate use of vocabulary, which is critical to achieving the goal of a clear explanation. Understanding grammar is crucial in all languages, mainly administrative and commercial communications. For instance, a sentence's meaning can vary drastically without proper grammar, as seen in the 'go' and 'gen' examples. This research aims to equip tour guides with the necessary language skills to serve their English-speaking tourists better.

ملخص البحث :

Economists with different orientations have emphasized the importance of the role of the human element and consider it one of the most essential elements of production. Therefore, most countries in the world, with varying degrees of economic progress, have paid attention to building and forming human capital, developing it, and acquiring knowledge, experience, and skills, which leads to increasing job opportunities, reducing unemployment, and redistributing income. The national and Iraqi economies suffered from unemployment challenges before and after 2003, and there are factors and reasons for the increase in unemployment rates.